🌱 Crop Introduction

How to Grow Roses | How Rose Farming Is Done

Rose farming is one of the most popular and profitable flower farming businesses in India. Rose is called the King of Flowers because it represents beauty, fragrance, emotional connection, and economic value. Today, farmers want to know how to grow roses and how much income can be earned from rose farming.

The rose plant is generally 4 to 6 feet tall. Its stem has thorns, leaves are toothed, and flowers are found in many colors such as red, pink, white, yellow, orange, and bi-color. The fruit of rose is fleshy and is called rose hip.

Rose Farming in India

• In open field
• Rose farming in polyhouse
• In greenhouse

Rose farming is done by all three methods. With modern technology, the right variety, and proper market linkage, rose farming can give farmers an income of lakhs of rupees per acre.

🌼 1. Benefits of Rose Farming

Why Grow Roses

🌹 Crop ready in less time
🌹 Demand throughout the year
🌹 More profit from less land
🌹 Good export potential
🌹 By-products like rose water, gulkand, perfume
🌹 Suitable for both small and big farmers

👉 This is why hybrid rose farming is becoming very popular today.

❤️ 2. Health Benefits and Uses of Rose

🌿 Health Benefits

✔️ Cools stomach heat
✔️ Strengthens digestion
✔️ Reduces stress and mental tiredness
✔️ Helpful in skin problems
✔️ Rose water is useful for eye irritation

🏵️ Uses

🌸 Worship and religious activities
🌸 Weddings and ceremonies
🌸 Rose water and rose perfume
🌸 Gulkand making
🌸 Cosmetic and Ayurvedic industries

🧬 3. Scientific Classification

Scientific Classification

📌 Kingdom – Plantae
📌 Division – Angiosperms
📌 Class – Dicotyledonae
📌 Order – Rosales
📌 Family – Rosaceae
📌 Genus – Rosa
📌 Species – Rosa hybrida

☀️ 4. Climate and Temperature

Climate & Temperature Required

🌤️ Suitable Climate

Temperate climate is considered best for rose farming.

🌡️ Ideal Temperature

✔️ Day temperature – 25 to 30°C
✔️ Night temperature – 12 to 14°C
✔️ During flower harvesting – 20 to 28°C

🌧️ Rainfall

✔️ 200 to 300 mm

🌍 5. Soil Requirement

Soil Requirement in Detail

🟤 Sandy loam soil is best
🟤 Rich in organic matter
🟤 Good drainage is necessary

⚖️ pH Value

✔️ 5.3 to 6.5 ideal
✔️ 6 to 7.5 also acceptable

🚫 Precautions

❌ Do not allow waterlogging
❌ Avoid very heavy or clayey soil

🌸 6. Rose Varieties

Major and Improved Varieties for Rose Farming | Rose Varieties for Farming

Choosing the right variety is the most important step in rose farming. Variety selection depends on whether you want to grow roses in open field, as hybrid rose farming, or in a polyhouse. Right variety directly increases yield, quality, and income from rose farming.

Below, all major varieties used in rose farming are explained in simple and farmer-friendly language.

🌹 6.1 Hybrid Tea Rose

This is the most widely grown and commercial rose variety.

🔹 Large, attractive flowers with long stems
🔹 One flower per stem
🔹 Best for cut flowers
🔹 Suitable for both open field and polyhouse

⭐ Major Varieties

🌼 Pusa Sonia
🌼 Pusa Gaurav
🌼 First Red
🌼 Super Star
🌼 Montezuma
🌼 Crimson Glory

👉 Hybrid rose farming gives the highest market price.

🌸 6.2 Floribunda Rose

This variety is known for flowering in clusters.

🔹 Medium-sized flowers
🔹 Many flowers on one branch
🔹 Suitable for home gardens and commercial farming
🔹 More flowers in less space

⭐ Major Varieties

🌼 Banjaran
🌼 Delhi Princess
🌼 Chandra
🌼 Karishma
🌼 Sadabahar
🌼 Suryakiran

🌺 6.3 Grandiflora Rose

This is a combination of Hybrid Tea and Floribunda.

🔹 Large and attractive flowers
🔹 Long stems
🔹 Preferred for bouquets and decoration
🔹 Suitable for commercial farming

⭐ Major Varieties

🌼 Queen Elizabeth
🌼 Gold Spot
🌼 Montezuma

🌼 6.4 Polyantha Rose

This variety is known for producing many small flowers.

🔹 Small but very high number of flowers
🔹 Long flowering period
🔹 Good yield with less care
🔹 Home and limited commercial use

⭐ Major Varieties

🌼 Swati
🌼 Anjani
🌼 Echo

🌱 6.5 Miniature Rose

These are small-sized roses, also called baby roses.

🔹 Small and dwarf plants
🔹 Suitable for pots and borders
🔹 High demand in cities
🔹 Profitable for polyhouse and nursery

⭐ Major Varieties

🌼 Baby Darling
🌼 Baby Gold
🌼 Silver Tips
🌼 Dwarf King

🌿 6.6 Climbing Rose

This is a climber variety that grows with support.

🔹 Can be trained on walls, arches, and fences
🔹 Heavy flowering once a year
🔹 Useful for decoration and tourist places

⭐ Major Varieties

🌼 Golden Shower
🌼 Cocktail
🌼 Royal Gold
🌼 Delhi White Pearl

⭐ 6.7 Best Varieties for Commercial Farming

If you want to know how to grow roses and earn more profit, the following varieties are considered best:

✅ Pusa Gaurav
✅ First Red
✅ Super Star
✅ Montezuma
✅ Pusa Priya

👉 These varieties are highly suitable for polyhouse rose farming and export.

📌 Important Advice

✔️ Select variety according to market demand
✔️ Choose Hybrid Tea varieties for polyhouse
✔️ Select variety as per local climate
✔️ Buy plants only from certified nurseries

🌱 7. Seed Rate and Plant Population

Seed Rate & Plant Population per Acre | How to Grow Roses

In rose farming, seeds are not used. Ready plants or grafted plants are planted. Correct plant population and spacing directly affect flower quality, stem length, and total yield. Therefore, it is very important to know how rose farming is done and how many plants are required per acre.

🌹 7.1 Actual Information about Seed Rate

👉 Rose farming is done not by seeds but by plants prepared through T-budding or cuttings.
So here, plant population per acre is considered instead of seed rate.

📐 7.2 Plant Population in Open Field

✔️ Row to row distance – 60 cm
✔️ Plant to plant distance – 30 cm

📊 Plants per Acre

🌱 About 5,500 to 6,000 plants

👉 With this spacing:
• Longer flower stems
• Easy harvesting
• Less disease and pest attack

🏠 7.3 Rose Farming in Polyhouse

In polyhouse rose farming, higher plant density is kept because:
• Temperature is controlled
• Diseases are less
• Flower quality is better

📐 General Spacing

✔️ Row to row – 45 cm
✔️ Plant to plant – 30 cm

📊 Plants per Acre

🌱 About 7,000 to 9,000 plants

👉 More plants in polyhouse means:
• 30–40% higher production
• Higher income from rose farming

🌿 7.4 Plant Population in Hybrid Rose Farming

🌸 Hybrid roses grow fast and give large flowers, so:
✔️ Do not keep very high density
✔️ Proper air and sunlight movement is necessary

📊 Ideal Plant Population

🌱 5,000 to 5,500 plants per acre

⚠️ 7.5 Important Precautions

🚫 Do not plant too close
🚫 High density increases diseases
🚫 Do not plant weak or diseased plants

✅ Always buy plants from certified nursery
✅ Dip roots in clean water before planting
✅ Irrigate immediately after planting

🚜 8. Land Preparation

Land Preparation Method

🪓 Deep ploughing 2 to 3 times
🪓 Leave field open for 15 to 20 days
🪓 Mix 8 to 10 tons of well-decomposed FYM per acre

📏 Bed Size

✔️ Width – 2 meters
✔️ Length – 5 meters
✔️ Distance between beds – 0.5 meter

🌿 9. How to Grow Roses

Sowing & Planting Method

📅 Right Time for Planting

✔️ North India – September to October
✔️ South India – July to August

📐 Spacing

✔️ Plant to plant – 30 cm
✔️ Row to row – 60 cm

💧 Irrigate immediately after planting

🧪 10. Fertilizer and Manure Management

Fertilizer & Manure Management

🌿 Organic Manure

✔️ 8 to 10 kg well-rotten FYM per plant

⚗️ Chemical Fertilizer per Plant

✔️ Nitrogen – 8 g
✔️ Phosphorus – 8 g
✔️ Potash – 16 g

📌 Best to apply fertilizer after pruning

💧 11. Irrigation Management

Irrigation Schedule

🌞 Summer – every 5 to 7 days
❄️ Winter – every 10 to 12 days

🚿 Best Method

✔️ Drip irrigation
❌ Avoid sprinkler irrigation

🌾 12. Weed Control

Weed Control

Weeds take nutrients, water, and sunlight from rose crop, reducing flower quality and yield. Timely weed control is very important.

✅ Effective Measures in Brief

🌱 First weeding 20–25 days after planting
🌱 2–3 hand weedings as required
🌱 Keep field and beds clean
🌱 Limited use of herbicides at early stage
🌱 Mulching reduces weeds and retains moisture

👉 Regular weed control keeps plants healthy and increases per-acre yield and profit.

🐛 13. Pest and Disease Management

If pests and diseases are not controlled on time, both yield and flower quality are affected.

🐜 Major Pests and Control

✔️ Aphids
• Suck sap from tender shoots and buds
• Spray neem-based or recommended insecticide

✔️ Thrips
• Damage flower petals
• Use suitable insecticide with light sticker

✔️ Termite
• Damage roots
• Avoid waterlogging and treat soil

🦠 Major Diseases and Control

✔️ Black Spot Disease
• Black spots on leaves
• Spray fungicide on time

✔️ Powdery Mildew
• White powdery layer on leaves
• Treat immediately when seen

✔️ Die Back
• Branches start drying from top
• Cut and destroy affected parts and apply medicine

✅ General Precautions

🌱 Keep field clean
🌱 Use balanced fertilizers
🌱 Avoid excess moisture
🌱 Regular inspection

👉 Timely control keeps crop healthy and increases income from rose farming.

⏳ 14. Crop Duration

Crop Duration of Rose Farming

Rose farming is a long-term crop but gives regular income.

⏱️ Crop Period

✔️ Flowering starts 90–120 days after planting
✔️ Commercial production from second year
✔️ One planting gives flowers for 5–6 years

👉 Therefore, rose farming is also called a long-term investment crop.

✂️ 15. Rose Harvesting Method

Harvesting Method in Rose Cultivation

Correct harvesting time is very important in rose farming.

✂️ Right Time for Harvesting

✔️ When flower is half-open
✔️ Upper petals start slightly bending

🌅 Harvesting Time

✔️ Early morning
✔️ Or evening

🔪 Harvesting Method

✔️ Use sharp and clean knife or scissors
✔️ Leave 1–2 leaves below the stem

👉 This helps in quick new branch growth and increases production.

📦 16. Yield per Acre

Yield per Acre in Rose Farming

🌹 Open Field Rose Farming
✔️ 1.5 to 2.5 lakh flowers per acre per year

🌹 Polyhouse Rose Farming
✔️ 3 to 4 lakh flowers per acre per year

👉 Hybrid rose farming gives the highest yield.

💰 17. Income from Rose Farming

Market Price & Profit per Acre

💸 Market Price

✔️ Normal days – ₹1 to ₹3 per flower
✔️ Festival, weddings, Valentine’s Day – ₹4 to ₹8 per flower

📊 Cost per Acre

✔️ Open field – ₹2 to 2.5 lakh
✔️ Polyhouse – ₹4 to 6 lakh

📈 Net Profit

✔️ Open field – ₹3 to 5 lakh per acre
✔️ Polyhouse rose farming – ₹6 to 10 lakh per acre

👉 This is why income from rose farming is attracting farmers.

❄️ 18. Storage and Grading

Storage & Post-Harvest Management

🧊 Storage Temperature

✔️ 1 to 3°C

📦 Storage Period

✔️ Safe for 7 to 10 days

💧 Important Points

✔️ Keep flower stems in water
✔️ Grade flowers by length and quality

👉 Proper storage gives better market price.

🏛️ 19. Government Schemes for Rose Farming

🌱 National Horticulture Mission

✔️ Subsidy on plants, polyhouse, and training

💧 Drip Irrigation Scheme

✔️ 50–70% subsidy

🏠 Polyhouse Scheme

✔️ Special support for polyhouse rose farming

👉 Contact your district horticulture department for details.

📍 20. Where Rose Farming Is Done

Where Rose Farming Is Done in India

🌍 Major States

✔️ Karnataka
✔️ Tamil Nadu
✔️ Maharashtra
✔️ Uttar Pradesh
✔️ Bihar
✔️ West Bengal
✔️ Gujarat
✔️ Haryana

🏜️ Rose Farming in Rajasthan

✔️ Jaipur
✔️ Ajmer
✔️ Udaipur
✔️ Alwar
✔️ Kota

👉 Rose farming is done in almost all districts with irrigation facilities.

❓ 21. Important Questions Related to Rose Farming

1. How to grow roses | How rose farming is done?

Answer: First select fertile loamy soil, then plant improved or hybrid varieties. Regular irrigation, timely fertilizer, pest-disease control, and proper harvesting make rose farming successful.

• Land preparation
• Planting
• Fertilizer management
• Irrigation and weeding
• Timely harvesting

2. How much income from rose farming?

Answer:
• Open field – ₹3 to 5 lakh per acre
• Polyhouse – ₹6 to 10 lakh per acre net profit

3. Why hybrid rose farming is profitable?

Answer:
• Large and attractive flowers
• Higher production
• Better market price

4. Where rose farming is done?

Answer: Almost all states of India, mainly Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, and West Bengal.

5. Where rose farming is done in Rajasthan?

Answer: Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Alwar, and Kota, mainly in irrigated areas.

6. Why do polyhouse rose farming?

Answer:
• Better flower quality
• Year-round production
• Fewer diseases
• Higher market price

7. Major diseases in rose farming?

Answer:
• Black spot disease
• Powdery mildew

8. Can small farmers do rose farming?

Answer: Yes. With less land, proper technique, and local market focus, small farmers can earn good income.

🌺 Conclusion

Rose farming today is not just flower growing but a high-profit agribusiness. If farmers understand how rose farming is done, choose the right variety, and adopt modern techniques, high income is possible even from small land.

Whether it is rose farming in Rajasthan or polyhouse rose farming, this crop can bring prosperity to farmers’ lives. 🌹

👉 Make the right plan, adopt rose farming, and take your income to new heights.

👉 For more flower farming guides, keep exploring our website and grow smarter every season.

Reference Source:

• Indian Institute of Horticultural Research
• Krishi Vigyan Kendra Portal