Flower Farming

Flower farming (Floriculture) is the agricultural practice of cultivating flowers for ornamental, religious, medicinal, and commercial purposes. In India, rose, marigold, tuberose, chrysanthemum, jasmine, gerbera, gladiolus, lily, carnation, and orchid are among the major commercial flower crops.

The profitability of flower farming depends on the region, climate, and market demand. Generally, commercial cultivation of roses, gerbera, carnation, orchid, tuberose, marigold, and gladiolus provides good returns to farmers. These flowers remain in demand throughout the year for festivals, weddings, and the cut-flower market.

Well-drained loamy or sandy loam soil is considered ideal for most flower crops. The soil pH should generally be between 6.0 and 7.5. Conducting a soil test and applying sufficient farmyard manure or organic compost helps produce high-quality flowers.

The sowing or planting time varies depending on the flower crop. Marigold is generally planted during June–July and January–February, tuberose during February–April, chrysanthemum during June–July, while roses, jasmine, and other perennial flowers are usually planted during the monsoon season.

Flowers such as marigold, zinnia, cosmos, and sunflower are generally ready for harvest within 60–90 days. Crops like tuberose, gladiolus, and lily usually begin flowering within 90–120 days, while perennial plants such as roses and gerbera continue producing flowers for several years.

To maximize production, select certified seeds or planting material, apply fertilizers based on soil test recommendations, ensure regular irrigation and weed management, and follow Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. Using polyhouse or shade-net technology, drip irrigation, and selling cut flowers at the right time can significantly increase profits from flower farming.